Fundamental research means it is ready to be thrown over the wall ten or more years later.  Then application research needs another ten years to implement a product.  

Transistor was developed in 1948.  Finally appeared as a product in 1960s and Annette Funicello's beach blanket movies.  An unusually fast transition from innovation to actual product.

Litium battery - early 1960s. First applications in the early 1980s.

Last edited by tw (7/03/2022 8:51 am)